According to a new study of global studies, around 1.6 per cent of women and girls worldwide, which is equivalent to 31 million people, suffer from symptomatic premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in its severe form, known as PMDD, can result in mood swings, physical ailments including joint and breast pain, and cognitive issues like memory loss or difficulty concentrating. Although the specific cause of PMDD is unknown, it could be an unusual response to the regular changes in hormones that occur with each menstrual cycle. Hormonal fluctuations may result in a lack of serotonin, an enzyme found in the brain and intestines that narrows blood vessels, alters mood, and produces physical symptoms.
Dr. Thomas Reilly of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Oxford believes that the women suffering from this issue may include more than 1.6 per cent of the total.
He mentioned that due to the strict diagnosis criteria, the majority of women remain undiagnosed and take it for a lifetime issue. However, the research highlights the fact that a significant number of women suffering from symptomatic PMDD at any given time point, which is strongly associated with thoughts of suicide.
3.2 per cent of suspected conditions had provisional diagnoses, where symptoms were not measured for a sustained period to meet the criteria for a confirmed diagnosis.
Dr Thomas added, that there is limited training for psychiatrists and medical students on PMDD, leading to gaps in clinical services and variable knowledge among GPs. Improved awareness and training are needed for effective, evidence-based management and support.
The researchers who published the study have come across 44 studies across six continents that have challenged preconceptions about the illness, using data from 50,659 female participants, challenging the medicalization of 'normal' menstrual symptoms.
Women who smoke cigarettes, lack of literacy rate, have a personal or family history of depression, postpartum depression, or other mood disorders, or have a family history of PMS or PMDD may be at greater risk of developing PMDD. Sometimes, medications and lifestyle modifications can help control symptoms.
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